Most common types of detergents are-
01. Anionic detergent-
Those detergents which produce anion (R-) in water or
solution are called anionic detergents. Anionic detergents dissociate into a
long chain anion which acts as the ‘hydrophilic’ end and the long chain carbon
as the ‘hydrophobic’ end.
Examples- Alkyl benzene sulphonates (ABS), Alkyl sulphates,
Alkyl benzene ether sulphonates (ABES), Sulphated fatty alcohols.
02. Cationic detergent-
Those detergents which produce cation (R+) in water or
solution are called cationic detergents. These detergents have no strong
detergent characteristics but have strong germicidal properties.
Examples- Quartenary ammonium compounds.
03. Non-ionic detergent-
It don’t contain any ionic molecule. They produce little
foam. They possess excellent soil removal and grease emulsification
characteristics.
Examples- Alkyl aryl ethylene oxide derivatives, fatty acid
amides, aliphatic polyhydric alcohols esters.
04. Amphoteric detergent-
Those detergents which contain both cationic as well as
anionic groups are called amphoteric detergents. They are used in the
manufacture of paste, shampoos, cosmetics, emulsion, paints etc.
Examples- Lauryl sarcozinate.
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